Great Depression contd.

Political and Economic Crises in the interwar years


(continued from previous lecture)

Fascism in Europe

What is fascism?
ideology, techniques and organization

Circumstances
WEIMAR REPUBLIC: unstable democracies

Italy
BENITO MUSSOLINI: “IL DUCE”
Fasci di Combattimento: “Band of Combat”

Germany

HITLER and NAZISM
“MEIN KAMPF” (1923)
ENABLING ACT (1933)

Great Depression

The Great Depression and the Interwar Years

Impact of war


Loss of export markets: IMPORT SUBSTITUTION
Financial costs
Britain: from creditor to debtor
1919 Versailles Conference
REPARATIONS / JOHN MAYNARD KEYNES

1924: DAWES PLAN

rise of NYC as global financial center

1929 and the Crash

Black Thursday and Black Tuesday
Global impact

Recipes for recovery?

Effort to alleviate economic stress took many forms
Britain, France and traditional economic thought

Japan: militarization and the “GREATER EAST ASIA CO-PROSPERITY SPHERE”

Mexico: nationalization: LAZARO CARDENAS (1934-40)

FDR and the NEW DEAL

What about Germany?

World War I: Global Impact

World War I: Global Impact

Revolution in Russia: Marxism-Leninism in practice

V.I. LENIN, LEON TROTSKY
Revolutions of 1917

JOSEPH STALIN and “socialism in one country”
Collectivization: KULAKS

Europe and the Arab World

SYKES-PICOT TREATY (1916)
Balfour Declaration (1917)
HASHEMITES
The Mandate System: Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Iraq, Trans-Jordan

Global War

World War I: The War to End All Wars?

Unprecedented in three aspects: scope, means and impact.

Scope: a truly global war: not just between states, but between empires
WESTERN FRONT, Atlantic Ocean, GALLIPOLI, Palestine

Battlefield and Home Front: “Total War”

Numbers: Those fighting and those who died

Means: technology, tactics and weaponry

Trench Warfare: Mud, shells and gas
U-BOATS
casualties: THE SOMME (1916)

Impact:

Political and Economic (still to come)
Social/Cultural
a literary war: WILFRED OWEN: “DULCE ET DECORUM EST”
Commemoration and Remembrance
UNKNOWN SOLDIER: John Dos Passos
KATHE KOLLWITZ

Essay assignment #2

History 1040: Paper #2
Due: 4/19 for M/W and 4/20 for T/Th class.



Please write on ONE of the following, using the documents, your textbook and your notes only. There is no need for outside sources or research. Three (3) pages maximum.


1. Read the Azamgarh Proclamation (A/O, 334-6) by the Indian rebels of 1857. What were their grievances, and what had the British done in India to provoke such a reaction?
2. Compare the Golden Dawn cigarette ad and Australian recruitment poster (A/O 375-6) to the British soldier’s journal on 378-81. What images of the First World War are presented here, and what do these items tell us about the relation ship between the home and war fronts during the conflict?
3. What do the illustrations on A/O 358-9 relay about the changes Japan experienced in the late nineteenth century?

Balances of Power, East and West

Balances of Power: East and West

Japan and the United States at the start of the 20th century

Japan

Tokugawa Shogunate: “BAFUKU”

Matthew Perry, 1853-4

Emperor MEIJI (Mutsuhito)
“MEIJI RESTORATION”

ZAIBATSU

1904-5: Japanese-Russian War

United States

1890: ALFRED THAYER MAHAN

1893: Hawaii

“JINGOISM”

THEODORE ROOSEVELT
Roosevelt Corollary
1903: Panamanian revolt
Panama Canal

Balances of Power, East and West

Balances of Power: East and West

Japan and the United States at the start of the 20th century

Japan

Tokugawa Shogunate: “BAFUKU”

Matthew Perry, 1853-4

Emperor MEIJI (Mutsuhito)
“MEIJI RESTORATION”

ZAIBATSU

1904-5: Japanese-Russian War

United States

1890: ALFRED THAYER MAHAN

1893: Hawaii

“JINGOISM”

THEODORE ROOSEVELT
Roosevelt Corollary
1903: Panamanian revolt
Panama Canal